News in Brief: International Conference on Complex Sciences, Santa Fe, N.M., December 5 ? 7

News in Brief: International Conference on Complex Sciences, Santa Fe, N.M., December 5 ? 7

International Conference on Complex Sciences

By Rachel Ehrenberg

Web edition: December 28, 2012
Print edition: January 12, 2013; Vol.183 #1 (p. 10)

Winning the arms race with spam

Spammers are tricky adversaries: If e-mail spam filters seek out words like ?enlargement? then spammers switch up their approach. ?Spam changes a lot ? it starts looking more like ham,? said Richard Colbaugh on December 5. Now Colbaugh and Kristin Glass, both of Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, have created a one-two punch that anticipates new tactics and makes antispam programs less predictable. Training filters, for example, to look for bits of ham mixed with spam, such as several nonspammy words, will help detect even cleverly disguised spam. And instead of using one superior filter all the time, spam fighters should mix up their weaponry. Keeping several filters on hand can keep spammers from deducing and evading antispam tactics.

When paid sick leave pays

Paid sick leave is an HR dilemma. The policy can keep an infection from spreading and limit medical costs, but it also lowers productivity, especially when employees intent on playing hooky abuse it. Computer simulations of how an epidemic might spread through Miami suggest that paid sick leave usually pays off. It typically curtails a disease?s spread and minimizes health costs without crippling work output, Achla Marathe of Virginia Tech reported December 5. But if a company offers more days than infections usually last and employees are both highly productive and dishonest about being sick, then paid sick leave does little good.

Source: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/347311/title/News_in_Brief_International_Conference_on_Complex_Sciences_Santa_Fe_NM_December_5__7

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Why are (Smart) Investors Buying 50 Times More Physical Silver ...

Eric Sprott of Sprott Asset Management writes: ?

As long-time students of precious metals investing, there are certain things we understand. One is that, historically, the availability ratio of silver to gold has had a direct influence on the price of the metals. The current availability ratio of physical silver to gold for investment purposes is approximately 3:1. So, why is it that investors are allocating their dollars to silver at a much higher ratio? What is it that these ?smart? investors understand? Let?s have a look at the numbers and see if it?s time for investors to do as a wise man once said and ?follow the money.?

Average annual gold mine production is approximately 80 million ounces, which together with an estimated average 50?million ounces of annual recycled gold, totals around 130 million ounces available per year. In comparison, annual mined silver production has averaged around 750 million ounces, while recycled silver is estimated at 250?million ounces per year, which adds up to approximately 1 billion ounces. Using this data, there is roughly 8?times more silver available to buy than there is gold. However, not all gold and silver is available for investment purposes, due to their use in industrial applications. It is estimated that for investment purposes (jewelry, bars and coins), the annual availability of gold is roughly 120 million ounces, and of silver it is 350 million ounces. Therefore, the ratio of physical silver availability to gold availability is 350/120, or ~3:1.1

Now, let?s examine how investors are allocating their investments between gold and silver. The data below is from the US Mint showing gold and silver sales in ounces:

Table1.gif
Source: US Mint (www.usmint.gov)

As you can see, investors are choosing to buy silver at a ratio to gold that is well above what is available. This uptrend doesn?t show any signs of slowing either. The ratio of the physical silver to gold is both rising and extraordinarily above the availability ratio of 3:1.

We can also use other data such as the most recent issues of the Sprott Physical Gold and Silver Trusts. The last Gold Trust issue in September 2012 raised US$393 million and the last Silver Trust issue raised US$310 million. On the basis of prices for each metal at the time of issue, we could purchase ~213 thousand ounces of gold and ~9.1 million ounces of silver. This represents a purchase ratio of 43:1.

If we examine ETF holdings in both gold and silver, we note that in the period from 2007 to 2012, the increase in silver holdings amounted to 12,000 tonnes, compared to 1,200 tonnes of gold ? meaning, investors purchased ten times more silver than gold.

These are only three factual data points to consider, but there are other indications that silver investment demand is way out of line with availability. Our favourite question to the bullion dealers we meet, is to ask the ratio of their dollar sales in gold versus silver. The answer is that dollar sales are equal, which means that physical silver sales relative to gold are greater than 50:1.

A recent news headline on Mineweb read, ?Silver Sales to Outshine Gold in India.2? It went on to quote a bullion dealer that ?investors and jewelry lovers?prefer?silver jewelry these days.? As the largest importer of gold in the world, it would be impossible for India to purchase an equivalent amount of silver, as it would require more than one billion ounces, essentially more than the current annual mine production.

While these last two confirmations of silver demand are anecdotal, the statistics from the US Mint, the ETFs, and our Physical Trust issues, are factual.

For the time being, the silver price is essentially set in the paper market where the daily average trade on the Comex is approximately 300 million ounces. An outrageous number when you compare it to the daily mine production of about 2 million ounces. As Bart Chilton, Commissioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission stated on October 26, 2010, ?I believe there have been repeated attempts to influence prices in silver markets. There have been fraudulent efforts to persuade and deviously control that price. Based on what I have been told and reviewed in publicly available documents, I believe violations to the Commodity Exchange Act have taken place in the silver market and any such violation of the law in this regard should be prosecuted.?3

Which brings us back to the phrase ?Follow the money.? In our view, it is almost inconceivable that investors would allocate as many dollars to silver as they would to gold, but that is what the data shows.

The silver investment market is very small. While the dollar value of gold in the world approaches $9 trillion, the value of silver in the forms of jewelry, coins, bars and silverware is estimated at around $150 billion (5 billion ounces at $30 per ounce). This is a ratio of 60:1 in dollar terms.4

How long can investors continue to buy silver at the current ratios when the availability for investment is only 3:1? We are surprised that the price of silver has remained at such a depressed level compared to gold. Historically, the price ratio between gold and silver has been 16:1, when both were currencies. Today the ratio is 55:1, so what are the numbers telling us? We believe this is one of those times when smart investors will be well rewarded to ?Follow the money.?

On behalf of all of us at Sprott, I wish you safe and happy Holidays and a prosperous New Year.

P.S. ? US Mint Sold Out of Silver Eagle Bullion Coins Until January 7, 2013?
The Mint recently informed authorized purchasers that all remaining inventories of 2012-dated Silver Eagle bullion coins had sold out and no additional coins would be struck. Since the 2013-dated coins will not be available to order until January 7, 2013, this leaves a three week void for the Mint?s most popular bullion offering.

1 Sources: Gold data is from World Gold Council www.gold.org, and silver data is from Silver Institute, http://www.silverinstitute.org/site/supply-demand/
2 Source: Mineweb.com
3 Source: Bloomberg: http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-26/silver-market-faced-fraudulent-efforts-to-control-price-chilton-says.html
4

Sources: Gold data is from World Gold Council, silver data is from United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Silver Institute.

December 26, 2012 (Source: Sprott Assest Management LP)

http://sprottasset.com/markets-at-a-glance/why-are-%28smart%29-investors-buyi...

Source: http://www.gotgoldreport.com/2012/12/why-are-smart-investors-buying-50-times-more-physical-silver-than-gold.html

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Who's killing the electric car? Consumers.

Sales of Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf are far short of expectations. Fisker and other electric-car makers are in trouble. Will the lack of consumer sales kill the electric car, just as it did in the '90s?

By Robert Rapier,?Contributor / December 27, 2012

Nissan Motor Co.'s latest Leaf electric car is displayed for media in Tokyo last month. The electric car won't meet its sales targets this year, Nissan concedes.

Junji Kurokawa/AP/File

Enlarge

The 2006 documentary "Who Killed the Electric Car" explores GM's attempts to bring an electric car to market in the mid-1990s. The usual suspects are trotted out ? the oil industry, the automakers, and the government ? and for years many electric car enthusiasts have believed that it was anything but the consumer that killed the electric car.?
?
Fast forward to 2012 and it appears that the electric car industry is again struggling to survive. Sales of the Chevy Volt have fallen far short of expectations, and Nissan Motors CEO Carlos Ghosn?has now admitted?they will not meet 2012 sales targets for the Nissan Leaf.
?
In a recent report, Katie Fehrenbacher noted "A123 Systems, Fisker Automotive and Better Place ? representing billions of dollars of investment in the future of electric cars ? are now facing major problems financially and commercially."

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?
The problem is simply that consumers are not flocking to electric cars as fast as expected. The reasons are primarily the higher initial cost of the car, and certainly some concerns about the range and the possibility of becoming stranded by the car. Early reports from??stranded Nissan Leaf owners?stoked those fears. Even though "Who Killed the Electric Car" completely exonerated batterymakers in the death of the electric car, today's batteries still do not have enough range to satisfy many consumers.?

On the other hand, it is true that when hybrids were first mass-produced in the late 1990s, for several years the market was dominated by the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight. At that time oil prices were low, and sales in the early years were very slow. Today, hybrids are very much mainstream, primarily because high oil prices have made them better choices for more consumers.?

If oil prices remain high over the next few years, the electric car may eventually gain some traction ? if consumers don't kill it again first.

? This article is a modified version of a story in?Energy Trends Insider, a?free subscriber-only newsletter?that identifies and analyzes financial trends in the energy sector. It's?published by?Consumer Energy Report.??

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/mcptpjEvg9k/Who-s-killing-the-electric-car-Consumers

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Disease burden links ecology to economic growth

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Dec-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Bryan Ghosh
bghosh@plos.org
44-122-344-2837
Public Library of Science

A new study, published December 27 in the open access journal PLOS Biology, finds that vector-borne and parasitic diseases have substantial effects on economic development across the globe, and are major drivers of differences in income between tropical and temperate countries. The burden of these diseases is, in turn, determined by underlying ecological factors: it is predicted to rise as biodiversity falls. This has significant implications for the economics of health care policy in developing countries, and advances our understanding of how ecological conditions can affect economic growth.

According to conventional economic wisdom, the foundation of economic growth is in political and economic institutions. "This is largely Cold War Economics about how to allocate property rightswith the government or with the private sector," says Dr Matthew Bonds, an economist at Harvard Medical School, and the lead author of the new study. However, Dr Bonds and colleagues were interested instead in biological processes that transcend such institutions, and which might form a more fundamental economic foundation.

The team was intrigued by the fact that tropical countries are generally comprised of poor agrarian populations while countries in temperate regions are wealthier and more industrialized. This distribution of income is inversely related to the burden of disease, which peaks at the equator and falls along a latitudinal gradient. Although it is common to conclude that economics drives the pattern of disease, the authors point out that most of the diseases that afflict the poor spend much of their life-cycle outside the human host. Many cannot even survive outside the tropics. Their distribution is largely determined by ecological factors, such as temperature, rainfall, and soil quality.

Because of the high correlations between poverty and disease, determining the effects of one on the other was the central challenge of their statistical analysis. Most previous attempts to address this topic ignored disease ecology, argue Bonds and colleagues. The team assembled a large data set for all of the world's nations on economics, parasitic and infectious vector-borne diseases, biodiversity (mammals, birds and plants) and other factors. Knowing that diseases are partly determined by ecology, they used a powerful set of statistical methods, new to macroecology, that allowed variables that may have underlying relationships with each other to be teased apart.

The results of the analysis suggest that infectious disease has as powerful an effect on a nation's economic health as governance, say the authors. "The main asset of the poor is their own labor," says Dr Bonds. "Infectious diseases, which are regulated by the environment, systematically steal human resources. Economically speaking, the effect is similar to that of crime or government corruption on undermining economic growth."

This result has important significance for international aid organizations, as it suggests that money spent on combating disease would also stimulate economic growth. Moreover, although diversity of human diseases is highly correlated with diversity of surrounding species, the study indicates that the burden of such human disease actually drops when biodiversity rises. The analysis is inconclusive about why this effect is so strong. The authors suggest that competition and predation limit the survival of disease vectors and free-living parasites where biodiversity is high. The research sets the stage for a number of future analyses that need to lay bare the relationship between health care funding and economic development.

###

Funding: MHB is funded by NIH Grant #K01TW008773 from the Fogarty International Center. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Citation: Bonds MH, Dobson AP, Keenan DC (2012) Disease Ecology, Biodiversity, and the Latitudinal Gradient in Income. PLoS Biol 10(12): e1001456. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001456

CONTACT:

Matthew Bonds
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
UNITED STATES
Tel: +1-410-991-6759
mhb9@hms.harvard.edu



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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Dec-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Bryan Ghosh
bghosh@plos.org
44-122-344-2837
Public Library of Science

A new study, published December 27 in the open access journal PLOS Biology, finds that vector-borne and parasitic diseases have substantial effects on economic development across the globe, and are major drivers of differences in income between tropical and temperate countries. The burden of these diseases is, in turn, determined by underlying ecological factors: it is predicted to rise as biodiversity falls. This has significant implications for the economics of health care policy in developing countries, and advances our understanding of how ecological conditions can affect economic growth.

According to conventional economic wisdom, the foundation of economic growth is in political and economic institutions. "This is largely Cold War Economics about how to allocate property rightswith the government or with the private sector," says Dr Matthew Bonds, an economist at Harvard Medical School, and the lead author of the new study. However, Dr Bonds and colleagues were interested instead in biological processes that transcend such institutions, and which might form a more fundamental economic foundation.

The team was intrigued by the fact that tropical countries are generally comprised of poor agrarian populations while countries in temperate regions are wealthier and more industrialized. This distribution of income is inversely related to the burden of disease, which peaks at the equator and falls along a latitudinal gradient. Although it is common to conclude that economics drives the pattern of disease, the authors point out that most of the diseases that afflict the poor spend much of their life-cycle outside the human host. Many cannot even survive outside the tropics. Their distribution is largely determined by ecological factors, such as temperature, rainfall, and soil quality.

Because of the high correlations between poverty and disease, determining the effects of one on the other was the central challenge of their statistical analysis. Most previous attempts to address this topic ignored disease ecology, argue Bonds and colleagues. The team assembled a large data set for all of the world's nations on economics, parasitic and infectious vector-borne diseases, biodiversity (mammals, birds and plants) and other factors. Knowing that diseases are partly determined by ecology, they used a powerful set of statistical methods, new to macroecology, that allowed variables that may have underlying relationships with each other to be teased apart.

The results of the analysis suggest that infectious disease has as powerful an effect on a nation's economic health as governance, say the authors. "The main asset of the poor is their own labor," says Dr Bonds. "Infectious diseases, which are regulated by the environment, systematically steal human resources. Economically speaking, the effect is similar to that of crime or government corruption on undermining economic growth."

This result has important significance for international aid organizations, as it suggests that money spent on combating disease would also stimulate economic growth. Moreover, although diversity of human diseases is highly correlated with diversity of surrounding species, the study indicates that the burden of such human disease actually drops when biodiversity rises. The analysis is inconclusive about why this effect is so strong. The authors suggest that competition and predation limit the survival of disease vectors and free-living parasites where biodiversity is high. The research sets the stage for a number of future analyses that need to lay bare the relationship between health care funding and economic development.

###

Funding: MHB is funded by NIH Grant #K01TW008773 from the Fogarty International Center. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Citation: Bonds MH, Dobson AP, Keenan DC (2012) Disease Ecology, Biodiversity, and the Latitudinal Gradient in Income. PLoS Biol 10(12): e1001456. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001456

CONTACT:

Matthew Bonds
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
UNITED STATES
Tel: +1-410-991-6759
mhb9@hms.harvard.edu



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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/plos-dbl122012.php

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APS announces inaugural issue of new journal, Clinical Psychological Science

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Dec-2012
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Contact: Camille Gamboa
camille.gamboa@sagepub.com
805-410-7441
SAGE Publications

Los Angeles, California (December 27, 2012) The Association for Psychological Science and SAGE are pleased to announce the inaugural issue of Clinical Psychological Science (CPS), a unique new journal that highlights cutting-edge research in the field of clinical psychological science.

Headed by Founding Editor Alan E. Kazdin, John M. Musser Professor of Psychology and Child Psychiatry at Yale University and Director of the Yale Parenting Center, and a distinguished team of associate editors Tyrone D. Cannon of Yale University; Emily A. Holmes of MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge; Jill M. Hooley of Harvard University; and Kenneth J. Sher of University of Missouri this journal aims to bring together the best, most innovative research in both core and novel domains to define a new way of studying clinical phenomena.

"CPS publishes work from all the specialty areas of clinical psychological science, but like few other journals, it is keenly interested in understanding phenomena from diverse perspectives that usually could not be accommodated in a single outlet," Kazdin said in an interview.

In his opening editorial, Kazdin describes four characteristics that set this journal apart:

  • Presenting the best science from all domains of clinical psychological science, e.g., the many areas of clinical psychology, psychiatry, and related disciplines.
  • Connecting clinical psychology to core topics of the larger field of psychology, e.g., cognitive and social neuroscience, memory, attention, perception, emotion, decision making.
  • Drawing from the many disciplines that inform and can be informed by clinical psychological science, e.g., psychiatry, neuroscience, epidemiology and public health, genetics and epigenetics.
  • Seeking to recognize and foster international contributions and collaborations to promote a global view.

The research published in the inaugural issue of Clinical Psychological Science reflects diverse and boundary-crossing perspectives. The articles investigate, for example, the link between targeted rejection and immune response in adolescents, the key characteristics of major depressive disorder, the long-term effects of youth mentoring on arrest records, and the relationship between mind wandering and cell aging.

All of the articles published in Clinical Psychological Science will be available to the public for free through January 2013.

Those interested in submitting to the journal or learning more can visit the Clinical Psychological Science website at: http://www.psychologicalscience.org/cps.

Clinical Psychological Science: Volume 1, Issue 1

Advancing New Frontiers With Clinical Psychological Science: Editorial
Alan E. Kazdin

Possible Mechanisms Explaining the Association Between Physical Activity and Mental Health: Findings From the 2001 Dutch Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey
Karin Monshouwer, Margreet ten Have, Mireille van Poppel, Han Kemper, and Wilma Vollebergh

Enhancing Autobiographical Memory Specificity Through Cognitive Training: An Intervention for Depression Translated From Basic Science
Hamid Taher Neshat Doost, Tim Dalgleish, William Yule, Mehrdad Kalantari, Sayed Jafar Ahmadi, Atle Dyregrov, and Laura Jobson

Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status
Michael L. M. Murphy, George M. Slavich, Nicolas Rohleder, and Gregory E. Miller

Imagining a Better Memory: Self-Imagination in Memory-Impaired Patients
Matthew D. Grilli and Elizabeth L. Glisky

The Commutative Property in Comorbid Diagnosis: Does A + B = B + A?
Jared W. Keeley, Chafen S. DeLao, and Claire L. Kirk

Key Characteristics of Major Depressive Disorder Occurring in Childhood, Adolescence, Emerging Adulthood, and Adulthood
Paul Rohde, Peter M. Lewinsohn, Daniel N. Klein, John R. Seeley, and Jeff M. Gau

The Buddy System: A 35-Year Follow-Up of Criminal Offenses
Clifford R. O'Donnell and Izaak L. Williams

Wandering Minds and Aging Cells
Elissa S. Epel, Eli Puterman, Jue Lin, Elizabeth Blackburn, Alanie Lazaro, and Wendy Berry Mendes

Visual Context Processing in Schizophrenia
Eunice Yang, Duje Tadin, Davis M. Glasser, Sang Wook Hong, Randolph Blake, and Sohee Park

###

The Association for Psychological Science is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of scientific psychology and its representation in the U.S. and internationally. It was founded in 1988 by a group of scientifically-oriented psychologists interested in advancing scientific psychology and its representation as a science. The Association's mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically-oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS has more than 23,000 members and includes leading psychological scientists and academics, clinicians, researchers, teachers, and administrators. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/

SAGE is a leading international publisher of journals, books, and electronic media for academic, educational, and professional markets. Since 1965, SAGE has helped inform and educate a global community of scholars, practitioners, researchers, and students spanning a wide range of subject areas including business, humanities, social sciences, and science, technology, and medicine. An independent company, SAGE has principal offices in Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC. www.sagepublications.com


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Dec-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Camille Gamboa
camille.gamboa@sagepub.com
805-410-7441
SAGE Publications

Los Angeles, California (December 27, 2012) The Association for Psychological Science and SAGE are pleased to announce the inaugural issue of Clinical Psychological Science (CPS), a unique new journal that highlights cutting-edge research in the field of clinical psychological science.

Headed by Founding Editor Alan E. Kazdin, John M. Musser Professor of Psychology and Child Psychiatry at Yale University and Director of the Yale Parenting Center, and a distinguished team of associate editors Tyrone D. Cannon of Yale University; Emily A. Holmes of MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge; Jill M. Hooley of Harvard University; and Kenneth J. Sher of University of Missouri this journal aims to bring together the best, most innovative research in both core and novel domains to define a new way of studying clinical phenomena.

"CPS publishes work from all the specialty areas of clinical psychological science, but like few other journals, it is keenly interested in understanding phenomena from diverse perspectives that usually could not be accommodated in a single outlet," Kazdin said in an interview.

In his opening editorial, Kazdin describes four characteristics that set this journal apart:

  • Presenting the best science from all domains of clinical psychological science, e.g., the many areas of clinical psychology, psychiatry, and related disciplines.
  • Connecting clinical psychology to core topics of the larger field of psychology, e.g., cognitive and social neuroscience, memory, attention, perception, emotion, decision making.
  • Drawing from the many disciplines that inform and can be informed by clinical psychological science, e.g., psychiatry, neuroscience, epidemiology and public health, genetics and epigenetics.
  • Seeking to recognize and foster international contributions and collaborations to promote a global view.

The research published in the inaugural issue of Clinical Psychological Science reflects diverse and boundary-crossing perspectives. The articles investigate, for example, the link between targeted rejection and immune response in adolescents, the key characteristics of major depressive disorder, the long-term effects of youth mentoring on arrest records, and the relationship between mind wandering and cell aging.

All of the articles published in Clinical Psychological Science will be available to the public for free through January 2013.

Those interested in submitting to the journal or learning more can visit the Clinical Psychological Science website at: http://www.psychologicalscience.org/cps.

Clinical Psychological Science: Volume 1, Issue 1

Advancing New Frontiers With Clinical Psychological Science: Editorial
Alan E. Kazdin

Possible Mechanisms Explaining the Association Between Physical Activity and Mental Health: Findings From the 2001 Dutch Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey
Karin Monshouwer, Margreet ten Have, Mireille van Poppel, Han Kemper, and Wilma Vollebergh

Enhancing Autobiographical Memory Specificity Through Cognitive Training: An Intervention for Depression Translated From Basic Science
Hamid Taher Neshat Doost, Tim Dalgleish, William Yule, Mehrdad Kalantari, Sayed Jafar Ahmadi, Atle Dyregrov, and Laura Jobson

Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status
Michael L. M. Murphy, George M. Slavich, Nicolas Rohleder, and Gregory E. Miller

Imagining a Better Memory: Self-Imagination in Memory-Impaired Patients
Matthew D. Grilli and Elizabeth L. Glisky

The Commutative Property in Comorbid Diagnosis: Does A + B = B + A?
Jared W. Keeley, Chafen S. DeLao, and Claire L. Kirk

Key Characteristics of Major Depressive Disorder Occurring in Childhood, Adolescence, Emerging Adulthood, and Adulthood
Paul Rohde, Peter M. Lewinsohn, Daniel N. Klein, John R. Seeley, and Jeff M. Gau

The Buddy System: A 35-Year Follow-Up of Criminal Offenses
Clifford R. O'Donnell and Izaak L. Williams

Wandering Minds and Aging Cells
Elissa S. Epel, Eli Puterman, Jue Lin, Elizabeth Blackburn, Alanie Lazaro, and Wendy Berry Mendes

Visual Context Processing in Schizophrenia
Eunice Yang, Duje Tadin, Davis M. Glasser, Sang Wook Hong, Randolph Blake, and Sohee Park

###

The Association for Psychological Science is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of scientific psychology and its representation in the U.S. and internationally. It was founded in 1988 by a group of scientifically-oriented psychologists interested in advancing scientific psychology and its representation as a science. The Association's mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically-oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS has more than 23,000 members and includes leading psychological scientists and academics, clinicians, researchers, teachers, and administrators. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/

SAGE is a leading international publisher of journals, books, and electronic media for academic, educational, and professional markets. Since 1965, SAGE has helped inform and educate a global community of scholars, practitioners, researchers, and students spanning a wide range of subject areas including business, humanities, social sciences, and science, technology, and medicine. An independent company, SAGE has principal offices in Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC. www.sagepublications.com


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/sp-aai122712.php

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'Extinct' whale found: Odd-looking pygmy whale traced back 2 million years

Extinct whale found? Well, sort of. Scientists have traced the lineage of the pygmy right whale back to an ancient family of whales called cetotheres, who were thought to be extinct.

By Tia Ghose,?LiveScience.com / December 19, 2012

The pygmy whale, a cetacean that looks radically different from all living whales, is actually the last living member of a group thought to have gone extinct 2 million years ago Credit:

Darryl Wilson, University of Otago/LiveScience.com

Enlarge

The pygmy right whale, a mysterious and elusive creature that rarely comes to shore, is the last living relative of an ancient group of whales long believed to be extinct, a new study suggests.

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The findings, published Tuesday, Dec. 18, in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, may help to explain why the enigmatic marine mammals look so different from any other living whale.

"The living pygmy right whale is, if you like, a remnant, almost like a living fossil," said Felix Marx, a paleontologist at the University of Otago in New Zealand. "It's the last survivor of quite an ancient lineage that until now no one thought was around."

Living fossil

The relatively diminutive pygmy right whale, which grows to just 21 feet (6.5 meters) long, lives out in the open ocean. The elusive marine mammals inhabit the Southern Hemisphere and have only been spotted at sea a few dozen times. As a result, scientists know almost nothing about the species' habits or social structure.

The strange creature's arched, frownlike snout makes it look oddly different from other living whales. DNA analysis suggested pygmy right whales diverged from modern baleen whales such as the blue whale and the humpback whale between 17 million and 25 million years ago. However, the pygmy whales' snouts suggested they were more closely related to the family of whales that includes the bowhead whale. Yet there were no studies of fossils showing how the pygmy whale had evolved, Marx said. [In Photos: Tracking Humpback Whales]

To understand how the pygmy whale fit into the lineage of whales, Marx and his colleagues carefully analyzed the skull bones and other fossil fragments from pygmy right whales and several other ancient cetaceans.

The pygmy whale's skull most closely resembled that of an ancient family of whales called cetotheres that were thought to have gone extinct around 2 million years ago, the researchers found. Cetotheres emerged about 15 million years ago and once occupied oceans across the globe.

The findings help explain how pygmy whales evolved and may also help shed light on how these ancient "lost" whales lived. The new information is also a first step in reconstructing the ancient lineage all the way back to the point when all members of this group first diverged, he said.

Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience. We're also on Facebook?& Google+.?

Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/Rb2Gcti6wv4/Extinct-whale-found-Odd-looking-pygmy-whale-traced-back-2-million-years

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David Letterman: Jay Leno Is the "Most Insecure Person"

David Letterman and Jay Leno have been longtime rivals, and that's no secret. The late-night hosts have been battling it out on dueling networks for decades, and they have held a seemingly mutual respect and distaste for one another during that time.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/david-letterman-explains-his-rivalry-jay-leno/1-a-511160?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Adavid-letterman-explains-his-rivalry-jay-leno-511160

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avast! Internet Security 7.0.1474 Build 766 | HDm Gate

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Year / Release Date : 2012 Name : avast! Internet Security Version : 7.0.1474 Build 766 Home Page : avast.com Platform : Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7/8 Language : Ml / English Medicine : Patch Size : 140.71 MB INFA for recovery : 5 %

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Source: http://hdmgate.com/avast-internet-security-7-0-1474-build-766/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=avast-internet-security-7-0-1474-build-766

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Element Case Sector 5 iPhone case review

I typically do not use cases with my tech gear, especially Apple products. I prefer using them as the designers intended them, embracing the form-factor and living with the risk of damage. However, with the iPhone 5, I have seen the carnage that a single drop can do – from marring/scratching the black aluminum edging [...]

Source: http://the-gadgeteer.com/2012/12/26/element-case-sector-5-iphone-case-review/

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Apple?s $160K Copyright Fine In China Is A Pittance, But Could It Open The Door For Further Claims?

murong xuecun essays china appChina is not exactly known for having a watertight regime when it comes to piracy and copyright violations, but it’s trying to change that perception, and here’s a case in point: a group of eight authors, calling themselves the China Written Works Copyright Society,?has won a case against Apple in Beijing for hosting apps that were in themselves violating the copyright on their works. Apple has in turn been ordered to pay 1 million yuan ($160,000) in compensation?– pennies to the iPhone giant and?only about 10% of how much the authors were trying to get out of Apple when they originally brought the case against it earlier in the year. The news comes at a interesting time for Apple in China. The region — the world’s biggest smartphone market at the moment — is a significant one for Apple, accounting for 15% of all of its revenues. But it’s also facing huge competition, primarily from low-priced Android device makers. In?Q4, Apple reported sales of $5.7 billion?in Greater China,?which was flat compared to Q3, but up 26% compared to a year ago. Apple has had also to grapple with contrasting (and not always positive) perceptions on?how well its newest handset, the iPhone 5,?has been selling in China since launching this month. It also comes as China is making ever more moves to improve the connection between internet users and real-world identities. However, it’s very much a double-edged sword. A?law passed today requiring real-name identities for online users is one more way for China to track illicit content posters, but it could also be seen as a way for the country to further control how people use the internet to express themselves, sometimes in acts of dissent against the country’s official lines of thought. For their part, the?China Written Works Copyright Society is unhappy with the amount of compensation ordered by the court. “We are disappointed at the judgment. Some of our best-selling authors only got 7,000 yuan. The judgment is a signal of encouraging piracy,” a representative of the group told Reuters. Still, the sum could be seen as?significant winnings in a country where the average monthly wage for a working class person is $190. And it opens the door further for Apple to face yet more such claims from other rights holders in the country. To date, this is the second time that Apple has lost a suit in China

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/5yBIZkgxN34/

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