The Nonprofit Sub-Par Management Debate

The Parties Involved

I?ve just touched upon an interesting topic that I feel compelled to dive into ? about nonprofits having sub-par management. It started with a research paper that said YES, they do have sub-par management, and that led to an outraged response from 2 authors from the Nonprofit Quarterly which led to a marketing blogger?s response of well?nonprofit leaders really do need better business and marketing skills, and ends with me saying HELL YES they do.

The Whole Story

Article #1 from the Journal of Business Research
In search of responsible CEOs: The case of CEOs with non-profit experience ? September 2012

This one cost me $31.50 to read and I had to slap myself awake a few times but I did survive the reading and here is the gist of it.

The study ?examines whether prior non-profit experience signals a lower/higher tendency for mismanagement at the CEO level.? For ?mismanagement? they are mainly referring to the frequency and types of financial statement restatements during a specific time period.

It?s not focused on nonprofits but on CEOs in Corporate America with nonprofit experience. One hypothesis was that there would be no connection between the level of fraud and mismanagement in corporations ? mostly because people attracted to the nonprofit world tend to not be motivated by money.

The 2nd hypothesis (which I had a harder time with their supporting info ? as did the authors of Article #2) was that since nonprofits were so inefficient they would attract CEOs that tend to mismanage.

The result when they compared their test subjects to their control group was that firms headed by non-profit CEOs had a lot more financial restatements resulting from ?accounting irregularities including aggressive accounting practices, intentional and unintentional misuse of facts applied to financial statements, oversight or misinterpretation of accounting rules, and fraud.? This led them to their final conclusion of:

?Prior non-profit experience may be an important indicator of an above-average propensity for mismanagement and/or negligence at the corporate level.?

As a previous founder and CEO of a nonprofit organization and working closely with lots of nonprofits as a consultant, I can?t entirely disagree with this statement. I think a lot of nonprofit leaders are severely undereducated ? I?m not talking about a lack of degrees ? but a lack of actual management training, which includes board development, human resources management, and a serious knowledge of accounting and business principles.

Article #2 from the Nonprofit Quarterly:
Nonprofits ?Attract and/or Mold? Subpar Managers? Hogwash! ? July 23rd 2012
Article #2 focuses mainly on this quote (which the authors are upset about) that they attribute to the author of article #1 which actually the author of article #1 claims it came from Monster.com ? although I have a hard time believing Monster.com would actually try to dissuade people from working at nonprofits:

?Many nonprofits are stressful places to work because of the chaotic nature of their organizations and decision-making. Some are highly political and bureaucratic. Boards of directors often work against their best interests. Some nonprofits have notorious reputations for administrative incompetence and disorganization; lack quality personnel and staff development; operate with antiquated equipment and from cramped quarters; and have attitude problems.

Relationships between the CEO, board members, staff and volunteers can become a nightmare. If you prize strong leadership, clear decision points, high levels of efficiency and the latest in office technology, many nonprofit organizations will disappoint, frustrate, and discourage you. If you can tolerate ambiguity, inefficiency and chaos and function well in makeshift work environments, you may do well in such work environments.?

My sister (who works in Corporate America) would definitely argue that this can just as easily describe her world as it could mine. But I am continuously shocked to see nonprofits that are scarily disorganized and clearly mismanaged, receiving regular government, corporate, and foundation funding with little oversight from the funding institutions; they obviously look good on the outside, but not so much on the inside.

The authors of Article #2 end their article with this statement:

?We guess if you were to see efficiency as the maximization of profits alone, maybe you?d have a case but it might come with threats to the well-being of patients, staff and taxpayers. Ah well.?

And to me, that statement embodies the problems I see with many nonprofits ? a distrust of traditional business methods combined with a belief that as long as we?re doing good things we don?t have to be as efficient, or even as accountable, as a for-profit.

Article #3 from Elaine Fogel, Totally Uncorked on Marketing
Do Nonprofits Have ?Sub-Par? Management? ? July 25th 2012

Elaine responds to Article #2 and comments:

?Of course, there are exceptions, but overall, leaders need better business and marketing skills. The general ?mindset? needs to change to one of greater innovation, managed risk taking, and investment.?

I completely agree with her. It seems clear that she and her colleagues have had some close encounters of the inefficient nonprofit kind as we have also had.

I?ve actually sat in on board meetings filled with board members from Corporate America who literally seem to leave all their business sense at the door. I love the compassion but we need business skills with it. I know of nonprofits with multi-million dollar budgets that still have a slight variation of their original ?yes? boards (from Boards From Hell ? my absolute favorite book when I started my nonprofit ? your first board when you start is usually a group of friends who say yes to everything you do).

I?ve seen nonprofits plow through fund development directors every few months (blaming the economy and the development directors) with no one stopping to think that: a) leadership is unable to make sound hiring decisions or b) leadership doesn?t know enough about fund development themselves to track and evaluate (and take responsibility for) the development hires and their decisions. Also, when a project takes 6 months for a decision to start, or when a 3-month project takes 2 years to complete, these things scare me from a donor?s perspective.

Real Capacity Building

I know a lot of foundations are focusing on ?capacity-building? and I think that funding (from any major funding source) needs to come with a REAL evaluation of the inner workings of the non-profit to identify their greatest needs from an outside source ? in a helpful and non-threatening way so that nonprofits can get to the real source of their funding issues and obstacles. Wouldn?t that make an interesting reality show? Turning Tabitha?s Salon Takeover into Tabitha?s Nonprofit Takeover?

I remember getting some extra help from a government grantor that was invaluable in helping me set up internal processes and I had applied for and received a mentor for one year (through a local foundation) that really helped me identify weaknesses and grow the nonprofit I had started. It?s not easy to identify problems when you are standing in them; and most money problems can?t be fixed with more money. I also think there is a serious lack of quality training for nonprofits ? but that?s a whole other article and I think I?ve gone on way too long with this one already.

Source: http://branded4good.com/blog/infrastructure/nonprofit-subpar-management-debate/

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How Time Management Games Can Help You ... - Business Coach

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Source: http://jaucoandassociates.com/7288/how-time-management-games-can-help-you-improve-your-life/

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Surgeons banned from conducting human research

Two University of California at Davis surgeons have been banned from doing human research after they injected bacteria into the head wounds of consenting terminally ill patients without university authorization, according to a letter sent from the school to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The university ordered Drs. J. Paul Muizelaar and Rudolph J. Schrot to immediately "cease and desist" doing the procedure last fall, according to the letter, dated Oct. 17, 2011, obtained by the Sacramento Bee.

Chancellor Linda P.B. Katehi has ordered a review into the actions of Muizelaar, who is chairman of the department of neurological surgery at U.C. Davis, and Schrot, an assistant professor.

The lack of approval before conducting human research could jeopardize the school's federal funding, said Rosamond Rhodes, director of bioethics education at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

"You are required to comply with federal rules if you are an institution accepting federal funding for research," she said. "Whether or not the project is funded by the federal government, it still has to comply with the rules."

A spokesperson for the FDA told ABCNews.com it "cannot confirm nor deny the existence of an investigation."

The surgeons said they were given consent by three terminal patients with glioblastomas, tumors that arise from the supportive tissue of the brain, to insert bacteria into their head wounds. The doctors believed the bacteria would create a postoperative infection that could help the patients live longer, according to documents included in the letter to the FDA.

The surgeons insisted they were conducting an innovative treatment, not research.

"There are people who blatantly break the rules that endanger all of their research programs. We certainly didn't blatantly trample any rules," Muizelaar told the Sacramento Bee.

Two of the patients contracted sepsis and died as a result of the procedure, according to the university.

Harris A. Lewin, vice chancellor for research, wrote that the experimental procedure, which had been conducted on three patients without university or FDA permission, "constituted serious and continuing noncompliance reportable to the FDA."

Muizelaar was ordered to hand off his clinical investigations, while Schrot was required to take the FDA's Clinical Investigator Training Course "to assure he possesses requisite knowledge to perform future studies, if and as permitted," the letter stated.

On Thursday, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine awarded the university $53 million for research into Huntington's disease, limb ischemia and osteoporosis.

Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/2-uc-davis-surgeons-banned-conducting-human-research-200838532--abc-news-health.html

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Health Benefits of Regular Exercise and Physical activity

It?s important to get healthy and stay healthy to minimize health risks, minimize costs of treating disease and to have a high quality of life. The health benefits of regular exercise and physical activity are hard to ignore. With the hectic pace of modern life, it is imperative for each of us to have a good health because without it, we would be nowhere! Being healthy and fit protects us from developing diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and other life-threatening disorders. Exercise is an important part of a lifetime of good health. Most people do not realize that exercise provides both mental and physical health benefits. People who exercise regularly burn more calories and use blood sugar more efficiently than those who don?t.

When you engage in physical activity, you burn calories. Exercise can help prevent excess weight gain. Regular physical activity can improve your muscle strength and boost your endurance. Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. Regular exercise can help you feel less stressed, help with weight loss, can improve your self-esteem and improve your overall mood. Being healthy and fit holds a number of benefits and one of them is having an opportunity to enjoy almost every pleasure that life holds without worrying for things that people with ailments do. If you are not fit then you can?t do any work properly. Staying fit is very important to our longevity and our overall health.

Being physically fit can help to improve a person?s coordination, balance, endurance, flexibility, strength, agility, and physical appearance. In order to be physically fit a person must address both aerobic and strength training. Not only are they both necessary, they actually complement each other. Staying physically fit is part of staying mentally and emotionally healthy. Regular physical activity can help you fall asleep faster and deepen your sleep. Exercise gives you a chance to unwind, enjoy the outdoors or simply engage in activities that make you happy. Exercise and physical activity are a great way to feel better, gain health benefits and have fun. Physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may leave you feeling happier and more relaxed. You may also feel better about your appearance and yourself when you exercise regularly, which can boost your confidence and improve your self-esteem. Studies continue to show that it is never too late to start exercising and that even small improvements in physical fitness can significantly lower the risk of death.

While exercise helps one to achieve the desired physical shape, its effects on the mind and the soul are also well established. This also makes the body more efficient in energy management, which in turn helps in increasing stamina. With regular exercise, the heart rate comes back to resting levels sooner after you have performed a strenuous activity.

Bodysolid products feature materials and component parts of only the highest quality and durability available. One advantage in using these exercise equipment? is the selection of ?models that will help you get in shape, keep fit and stay healthy.

Source: http://fitnessequipmentblog.worldfitness.com.au/health-benefits-of-regular-exercise/

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Cambodian town with gruesome past lures tourists

Want to see Pol Pot's grave or his broken toilet seat? How about a visit to the house of a feared Khmer Rouge commander known as "The Butcher"?

Welcome to the town of Anlong Veng, a former Khmer Rouge stronghold which hopes to become the next must-see destination on Cambodia's dark tourism trail, but which faces calls not to glorify its role in the country's bloody past.

A rectangular mound of earth lined with half-buried glass bottles and protected by a corrugated iron roof marks the spot where Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot was hastily cremated in 1998.

Aside from a sign asking visitors to "please help to preserve this historical site" there is no information on offer, leaving Cambodian tourist Pov Dara, 27, to ponder the significance of the low-key grave.

"I feel sad for the people but not for him," she decides, after snapping a photo of her relatives flashing the peace sign.

Up to two million people died from overwork, starvation or execution when the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, attempted to create a communist utopia in the late 1970s.

His cremation site, which attracts some 10 visitors a day, is one of 14 tourist spots the government intends to "preserve and develop" in northern Cambodia's Anlong Veng.

Other places of interest include leaders' old homes and a rusty radio truck used to broadcast Khmer Rouge propaganda.

Impoverished Cambodia is no stranger to genocide tourism, with the Tuol Sleng torture centre in Phnom Penh and the nearby Killing Fields of Choeung Ek, where thousands died, among the nation's most popular attractions.

But while the focus at those sites is on victims of the 1975-1979 regime, Anlong Veng is populated by one-time loyal Khmer Rouge followers, giving it the feel of a town that has found itself on the wrong side of history.

As locals relish the lucrative prospect of welcoming more tourists to the once isolated area, observers stress the need to educate guests about Cambodia's history -- and avoid turning the destination into a Khmer Rouge nostalgia tour.

To that end, the tourism ministry has teamed up with the esteemed Documentation Centre of Cambodia, which researches Khmer Rouge atrocities.

The centre is preparing to publish a guidebook based on the stories of long-time residents and it is training tour guides to provide meaningful information about "what happened and why during the Khmer Rouge regime's final days", said the group's director Youk Chhang. A museum is also planned.

But it is important not to exploit the country's tragic past, he told AFP.

Cambodia's memories are "not for sale", he said.

"We have the responsibility to ensure that Anlong Veng is a historical and responsible site to educate the public."

The Khmer Rouge was ousted by Vietnamese forces in 1979, though regime leaders and supporters continued to wage a low-level guerrilla war against the government.

Anlong Veng, near the Thai border, was the Khmer Rouge's last rebel centre before the movement disintegrated in the late 1990s.

One of the best-preserved visitor sites in town is the lakeside home of late military commander Ta Mok, known as "The Butcher" for allegedly orchestrating brutal massacres that killed thousands, although locals remember him as a generous leader who gave the town a road, a bridge, a hospital and a school.

Ta Mok, who briefly led the Khmer Rouge in its final days, was the only rebel who refused to surrender or strike a deal with the government after Pol Pot's death. He was arrested a year later and died in prison in 2006 awaiting trial.

His airy house is little more than a shell today, its furniture looted long ago. But several walls are still adorned with colourful yet amateurish murals of temples and a map of Cambodia -- symbols of Ta Mok's patriotism, according to the site's caretaker San Roeung, himself an ex-Khmer Rouge soldier.

"A lot of people here liked Ta Mok. When the enemy came, he took people to safety," said the 60-year-old, who helped build the house as well as the two cages outside used to hold Ta Mok's enemies.

He added that he hoped an influx of visitors would improve living standards for locals, who could "grow mangoes or jackfruit to sell to tourists".

Few are more excited about the town's tourism potential than Anlong Veng district deputy governor Nhem En -- who was the chief photographer at Tuol Sleng, where he endlessly captured images of inmates awaiting certain death.

A Khmer Rouge insider until he defected in the mid-1990s, Nhem En has built up a huge archive of photos, as well as a bizarre collection of keepsakes such as Pol Pot's sandals, his uniform and his shattered toilet seat.

Now he is looking for a partner to help set up a private museum to display his treasures, he said, having apparently given up on the idea of selling key items in the hope of earning hundreds of thousands of dollars.

"These items might not be worth much financially but, in historical terms, they're invaluable," he told AFP at his home, after showing some of his favourite possessions.

"This camera, if I put it in a museum, I would call it the killing camera," he said, as he held up a vintage Rolleicord, "because all of the people in Tuol Sleng who came before it died."

Nhem En insists he was not in a position to help any prisoners, all he could do was "follow orders" and "mind his own business".

Tuol Sleng prison chief Duch was in February sentenced to life in jail by Cambodia's UN-backed war crimes court, the first person to face justice for horrors committed under the regime.

The court is now trying the three most senior surviving Khmer Rouge members, but Nhem En has little interest in the proceedings, preferring to muse about Anlong Veng's nascent tourism industry.

The ancient temples of Angkor, which attract more than a million visitors a year, are a mere two-hour drive away, and Nhem En believes that if a fraction of those visitors added Anlong Veng to their itinerary, his town, with its plentiful guesthouses and restaurants, would benefit considerably.

"Anlong Veng will not go backwards," he said, though he emphasised that his own collection of memorabilia is about more than just profiting from his time with the Khmer Rouge.

"I'm doing this to make the world understand more about the Khmer Rouge regime," he said.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cambodian-town-gruesome-past-lures-tourists-054230145.html

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Hacker uses NFC to pwn Android phones

Esteemed hacker Charlie Miller, who made a name for himself embarrassing Apple engineers with his iOS hacks, has returned with a big, juicy target in his sites: the Near Field Communications technology used to send mobile payments over smartphones. Ars Technica?reports that Miller showed off his latest smartphone hack at Black Hat USA on Wednesday that involved using NFC to force someone?s Android smartphone to go to a malicious website and download malware. And the scariest part about this is that all hackers have to do to compromise users? phones is to walk right by them.

?What that means is with an NFC tag, if I walk up to your phone and touch it, or I just get near it, your Web browser, without you doing anything, will open up and go to a page that I tell it to,? Miller said during his Black Hat presentation. ?So instead of the attack surface being the NFC stack, the attack surface really is the whole Web browser and everything a Web browser can do. I can reach that through NFC.?

Miller also found that the NFC-based Android Beam data-sharing application was designed to passively accept website links or download files without users? consent, meaning hackers only have to touch their phones to users? devices to send them to malicious websites.

?The fact that, without you doing anything, all of a sudden your browser is going to my website, is not ideal,? Miller said.

Miller also noted that Android Beam and NFC are turned on by default on Android devices, so many users may be walking around without knowing that their phones are extremely vulnerable to breaches.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/hacker-uses-nfc-pwn-android-phones-010046993.html

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Big horned beetles are healthiest

Male rhinoceros beetles fighting on a log

Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play.

In this clip, two male beetles fight using their impressive horns

The size of a male rhinoceros beetle's horn is a genuine indicator of its health, according to researchers.

The horns vary in size from small bumps to two-thirds of the insect's body length and are used in fights.

Investigating the variation, US scientists found cells in the horn are more sensitive to "nutrition signals" than cells in other parts of the body.

They suggest their findings could explain the evolution of super-sized body parts in the natural world.

Continue reading the main story

Battling beetle facts

  • Rhinoceros beetles are some of the world's largest insects and the longest species of beetle. Dynastes hercules can measure up to 17cm long.
  • They are members of the scarab family and number more than 300 different species.
  • Living in tropical areas across the Western Hemisphere, males fight rivals on a variety of terrain including sugar cane, tunnels in the soil, emerging branches and bamboo shoots.

The study, led by Dr Douglas Emlen from the University of Montana, US, is published in the journal Science.

Although scientists have long assumed that exaggerated body parts accurately represent the ability of a male to survive and reproduce, the link has not been proven.

To understand the relationship, Dr Emlen and colleagues compared the beetle's horn with other body parts including the wings and genitalia.

They found that the horn's cells were much more sensitive to "nutrition signals": fluctuations in insulin due to diet quality and resistance to illness.

This discovery explained the differences in horn sizes between high and low quality males but it also offered an explanation of how the horns grow to such impressive sizes.

Dr Emlen explained that these insulin pathways are also known to regulate tissue growth and body size. Therefore if a body part contains cells that are more sensitive to these signals it will grow to reflect the health of the beetle.

"If the horn cells are super sensitive to these nutrition signals, then the same mechanism that makes horns huge in high-quality, good condition males will also make horns especially tiny in low condition, poor-quality males," said Dr Emlen.

Referred to as "weapons", the beetles use their forked horns to fight off competition from other other males to "win" access to females for mating.

Many other species exhibit similarly oversized features to advertise their health and help either warn off rivals or woo partners, in a process known as sexual selection.

Rhinoceros beetles on a tree (c)

Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play.

In this clip, males (marked with dots) do battle for the chance to mate with the unmarked female

In the past, researchers have debated whether it is possible for such body parts to "lie": duping females or foes with misleading signals.

But Dr Emlen and colleagues found that the horns were honest.

"Our surprise finding that the same change in mechanism that appears to make an ornament or weapon especially big also makes them hyper-variable and super-sensitive to nutrition, means that these structures are likely to be intrinsically reliable as signals," he explained.

He also suggested that the team's findings could apply to other animals including those sporting "ornamental" features to attract attention such as long-tailed birds of paradise.

Continue reading the main story

?Start Quote

These structures are likely to be intrinsically reliable as signals?

End Quote Dr Douglas Emlen University of Montana, US

"Historically, when bigger versions of traits cropped up, they would have been conspicuous and receivers, choosy females or rival males, that noticed them and responded to them would have fared well, since the trait is an unfakeable signal of male quality," said Dr Emlen.

"This would have favoured receivers who paid attention to these traits, and individuals with bigger and bigger traits.

"The bigger they got, the more reliable they would become, enhancing this process and helping drive the evolution of bigger and bigger size."

Dr Emlen pointed to the evolution of insulin-sensitive cells in exaggerated body parts as the key driver in one of the natural world's most recognisable patterns.

"The critical properties that have long been known to apply to nature's most extravagant structures, the showy ornaments and weapons of sexual selection, all fall out as a logical consequence of this one simple evolutionary change," he told BBC Nature.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/18955652

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NASA promotes new rover landing with synthetic 'Mars rocks'

NASA is sending synthetic 'Martian' rocks to eight cities in its national 'Get Curious'?campaign to promote the Curiosity Mars Rover, which is scheduled to touch down on the Red Planet on Aug. 6.

By Space.com Staff / July 26, 2012

In this artist's rendering provided by NASA/JPL-Caltech, a 'sky crane' lowers the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover onto the surface of Mars. The mobile robot is designed to investigate Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life.

JPL-Caltech/NASA/AP

Enlarge

A set of synthetic Mars rocks will be making a national tour next week to promote the upcoming landing of NASA's giant new rover on the Red Planet.

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The tour is part of a campaign called "Get Curious" that was created to honor the new Curiosity Mars rover, the main element of the Mars Science Laboratory mission, which is due to land on our neighboring world Aug. 6. The $2.5 billion rover is designed to spend at least two years on Mars searching for clues that Mars may have been habitable to life at some point.

"Get Curious" will send large boulders manufactured to look like Martian rocks to eight U.S. cities between July 26 and Aug. 9. No rocks have ever been brought back to Earth from the Red Planet, but these large synthetic constructions are designed to resemble the real thing as closely as possible.

The rocks will visit Atlanta; Austin, Texas; Boston; Detroit; Columbus, Ohio; Houston; Indianapolis; and Orlando.

"We are excited that Columbus was designated a 'Mars City,' and that COSI can be a part of the 'Get Curious' campaign," said Joshua Sarver, senior director of experience design and production at the Center of Science and Industry (COSI), the stop location in Columbus, in a statement. "We continually think of ways to captivate our visitors at COSI, and we think the Mars rock in front of the center will attract a lot of attention and pique interest. We are pleased to be able to show our support for the Curiosity rover landing and continue to help raise awareness for scientific discovery and space exploration."

Each ersatz Mars rock will be emblazoned with the URL www.GetCurious.com and a QR code plaque directing people to the campaign's website. The project is sponsored by Explore Mars, a Mars exploration outreach nonprofit, and rocket company United Launch Alliance, which built the Atlas V-541 rocket that launched Curiosity toward Mars in November 2011.

"We at Explore Mars look forward to celebrating the Curiosity landing with not only the space community, but also the general public," said Chris Carberry, executive director of Explore Mars. "This mission will give us insights into whether Mars has, or ever had, conditions favorable to microbial life as well as the possibilities of future human exploration on Mars. We hope this and other space exploration initiatives will inspire Americans of all ages to reach further and dream bigger." [Photos: How Curiosity's Nail-Biting Landing Works]

Landing spots for the rocks are as follows:

RELATED: Are you scientifically literate? Take our quiz!

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Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/iak2rmEdLTg/NASA-promotes-new-rover-landing-with-synthetic-Mars-rocks

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Today in America with Terry Bradshaw Mobile Computer Technology

Posted in July 26, 2012 ? 5:31 pmh.harryt today-in-america-with-terry-bradshaw-mobile-computing-technology

Learn about current mobile computing technology on Today in America with Terry Bradshaw

Mobile computing methods are trending in the news right now. Smart phones and tablet computing devices are being used with greater frequency to access popular online sites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.

Time to Reach 50 Million Users

  • Radio ? 38 years
  • Television ? 13 years
  • Internet ? 4 years
  • Facebook ? 3.5 years
  • Instagram ? 1.3 years

Mobile computing devices are being sold at a faster rate than personal computers. Originally bought as entertainment devices to watch movies, take photos and check emails; smart phones and iPad-type devices are being used for more and more business applications. Many major software programs are available as a mobile version which is optimized for viewing on smaller pocket computing equipment.

Today in America with Terry Bradshaw Reviews Mobile Computing

Today in America with Terry Bradshaw is an educational television program edited and produced in their south Florida studio. The Today in America TV staff travels the world finding the latest technological innovations to film for each segment of the program.

Computer and IT enthusiasts will enjoy the series Mobile Workforce Solutions, Cloud Computing & On-Demand Software and Information Technology & Enterprise Solutions. Visit the shows homepage, todayinamericatv.com, for complete listings for each episode of Today in America Terry Bradshaw.

Join Terry Bradshaw as he hosts each episode of the Today in America television show. Terry is a popular television actor, film star and frequent talk show guest. He claims to have made nearly 50 appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Television show performances include Married with Children, Everybody Loves Raymond and Malcolm in the Middle

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Host Terry Bradshaw, Production Team, Today in America Reviews, Today in America TV, Today in America with Terry Bradshawcomputer technology, facebook, instagram, ipad, mobile computing, tablet computing, terry bradshaw, Today in America TV, Today in America with Terry Bradshaw, twitter

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Climate concerns

Friday, July 27, 2012

For decades, scientists have known that the effects of global climate change could have a potentially devastating impact across the globe, but Harvard researchers say there is now evidence that it may also have a dramatic impact on public health.

As reported in a paper published in the July 27 issue of Science, a team of researchers led by James G. Anderson, the Philip S. Weld Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry, are warning that a newly-discovered connection between climate change and depletion of the ozone layer over the U.S. could allow more damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the Earth's surface, leading to increased incidence of skin cancer.

In the system described by Anderson and his team, water vapor injected into the stratosphere by powerful thunderstorms converts stable forms of chlorine and bromine into free radicals capable of transforming ozone molecules into oxygen. Recent studies have suggested that the number and intensity of such storms are linked to climate changes, Anderson said, which could in turn lead to increased ozone loss and greater levels of harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, and potentially higher rates of skin cancer.

"If you were to ask me where this fits into the spectrum of things I worry about, right now it's at the top of the list," Anderson said. "What this research does is connect, for the first time, climate change with ozone depletion, and ozone loss is directly tied to increases in skin cancer incidence, because more ultraviolet radiation is penetrating the atmosphere."

Unfortunately, Anderson said, we don't know how this process will evolve over time.

"We don't know what the development of this has been ? we don't have measurements of this deep convective injection of water into the stratosphere that go back in time," Anderson said.

"But the best guide for the evolution of this is to look at the research that connects climate change with severe storm intensity and frequency, and it's clear that there is a developing scientific case that the addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is increasing climate change, and in turn driving severe storm intensity and frequency."

While it's impossible to know how many skin cancer cases may be related to ozone depletion over the U.S., the link between ozone loss and increased incidence of the disease has been extensively studied, Anderson said.

"There has been a major effort by the medical community to define the relationship between decreases in ozone and the subsequent increases in skin cancer," he said. "The answer is quite clear ? if you multiply the fractional decrease in ozone protection by about three, you get the increase in skin cancer incidence. There are 1 million new skin cancer cases in the U.S. annually ? it's the most common form of cancer, and it's one that's increasing in spite of all the medical research devoted to it."

But it isn't only humans who have to worry about the effects of increased UV radiation.

Many crops, particularly staple crops grown for human consumption ? such as wheat, soybeans and corn ? could suffer damage to their DNA, Anderson said.

Ironically, Anderson said, the discovery that climate change might be driving ozone loss happened virtually by accident.

Though they had worked since the mid-1980s to investigate ozone depletion in the Arctic and Antarctic, by the early-2000s, Anderson's team had turned their attention to climate studies. In particular, they were working to understand how the convective clouds ? updrafts that cause storms to build high into the sky ? contribute to the creation of cirrus clouds.

"It was in the process of looking at that mechanism that we came to this unexpected observation ? that the convective clouds in these storm systems over the U.S. are reaching far deeper into the stratosphere that we ever expected," Anderson said.

While earlier tests performed in the Arctic had demonstrated that water vapor was a key component in creating the "free-radical" compounds that break down ozone, Anderson said the latest finding is much more troubling, because it suggests the process can happen at much higher temperatures than initially suspected.

"The bottom line is that if you increase the water vapor concentration, you actually increase the threshold temperature for executing this chemical conversion ? from the stable forms of chlorine to the free radical form," Anderson said. "If the amount of water vapor and the temperature over the U.S. satisfies the conditions for rapid conversion of inorganic chlorine to this free-radical form, we've got a real problem, because the chemistry is identical to what we previously demonstrated is taking place over the Arctic."

Also surprising, he added, was the realization that, to throw water vapor high into the atmosphere, storms needn't be unusually large.

"We have hundreds of measurements world-wide addressing the photochemical structure controlling ozone, but only a limited number of flights over the U.S. in summer," he said. "The flights were studying average storms over the middle-west, and of the 20 observations we made over the U.S., about half demonstrated significant penetration into the stratosphere," he said.

The next step in the research, Anderson said, is to conduct a series of tests to confirm whether the free-radical form of chlorine and bromine are present in the stratosphere at significantly elevated levels in the presence of convectively-injected water vapor.

"In my mind, this is not just a broad public health issue," Anderson said. "This is about actually being able to step out into the sunlight ? it's about your children and your children's health. Of course, we don't know how rapidly the frequency and intensity of these storms will increase, so we can't place a time scale on this problem, but the core issue here is quite straightforward and simple, because we understand this chemistry."

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Harvard University: http://www.harvard.edu

Thanks to Harvard University for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/122112/Climate_concerns______

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