Pupil dilation reveals sexual orientation in new study

ScienceDaily (Aug. 6, 2012) ? There is a popular belief that sexual orientation can be revealed by pupil dilation to attractive people, yet until now there was no scientific evidence. For the first time, researchers at Cornell University used a specialized infrared lens to measure pupillary changes to participants watching erotic videos. Pupils were highly telling: they widened most to videos of people who participants found attractive, thereby revealing where they were on the sexual spectrum from heterosexual to homosexual.

The findings were published August 3 in the scientific journal PLoS ONE.

Previous research explored these mechanisms either by simply asking people about their sexuality, or by using physiological measures such as assessing their genital arousal. These methods, however, come with substantial problems.

"We wanted to find an alternative measure that would be an automatic indication of sexual orientation, but without being as invasive as previous measures. Pupillary responses are exactly that," says Gerulf Rieger, lead author and research fellow at Cornell. "With this new technology we are able to explore sexual orientation of people who would never participate in a study on genital arousal, such as people from traditional cultures. This will give us a much better understanding how sexuality is expressed across the planet."

The new Cornell study adds considerably more to the field of sexuality research than merely a novel measure. As expected, heterosexual men showed strong pupillary responses to sexual videos of women, and little to men; heterosexual women, however, showed pupillary responses to both sexes. This result confirms previous research suggesting that women have a very different type of sexuality than men.

Moreover, the new study feeds into a long-lasting debate on male bisexuality. Previous notions were that most bisexual men do not base their sexual identity on their physiological sexual arousal but on romantic and identity issues. Contrary to this claim, bisexual men in the new study showed substantial pupil dilations to sexual videos of both men and women.

"We can now finally argue that a flexible sexual desire is not simply restricted to women -- some men have it, too, and it is reflected in their pupils," says Ritch C. Savin-Williams, co-author and professor in Human Development at Cornell. "In fact, not even a division into 'straight,' 'bi,' and 'gay' tells the full story. Men who identity as 'mostly straight' really exist both in their identity and their pupil response; they are more aroused to males than straight men, but much less so than both bisexual and gay men," Savin-Williams notes.

The researchers are confident that their new measure will aid in understanding these groups better and point to a range of sexualities that has been ignored in previous research.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Cornell University, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Gerulf Rieger, Ritch C. Savin-Williams. The Eyes Have It: Sex and Sexual Orientation Differences in Pupil Dilation Patterns. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (8): e40256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040256

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/tbSl7XSJQcA/120806084533.htm

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Temple shooting victim's son: 'We're at a breaking point'

The son of the president of the Sikh temple where six people were killed by a gunman urged Americans to better understand his culture on Monday ? and said his community is "at a breaking point in some ways."

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Amardeep Kaleka, whose father, Satwant Kaleka, was killed in the suburban Milwaukee rampage, told TODAY's Matt Lauer about how he learned of the shooting.

Video: Victim?s son: Sikh community ?shook up? after shooting (on this page)

Kaleka had received a call from his brother when his dad?s cell phone started ringing. Though he hoped it was his father calling, it was the temple?s priest, asking why they hadn?t sent over help.

?Where are the ambulances? Why aren?t the ambulances here?? the priest kept saying.

Video: Army veteran suspected in Sikh temple shooting (on this page)

When he asked about his father, the priest told Kaleka his dad lay at his feet, ?lying on the ground, bleeding from his back ? so bad it was unstoppable.?

Kaleka?s father was one of the temple?s founding members. His mother, who was inside the temple, survived.

The unidentified gunman was killed outside the temple in a shootout with police officers.

Cops seek answers after 6 shot dead at Sikh temple

Temple members in Oak Creek are trying to make sense of the attack, Kaleka said.

?We?re very shook up right now."

Kaleka said there?s a widespread misunderstanding about the Sikh community. While many trying to explain the culture often do it by saying that people shouldn?t confuse Sikhs with Muslims, Kaleka said he didn?t want to be that simplistic because ?it?s culturally insensitive.?

Slideshow: Gunman opens fire at Sikh temple in Wisconsin (on this page)

?We, as Americans, are a melting pot of so many cultures,? he told Lauer. ?We have to understand each other's cultures, whether they be Italian, Polish, German, or they be Far East Chinese or Bangladeshi. We have to understand the nuances because we live together. We rub elbows right next to each other.?

Source: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/48525389/ns/today-today_news/

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Russell Brand Says He Misses Being a Drug Addict

He's been sober for ten years, but Russell Brand is still battling the demons of drug addiction. In a shocking moment from his new BBC documentary, Russell Brand: From Addiction to Recovery, the comedian watches an old video of himself shooting heroin -- and confesses that he misses his junkie lifestyle.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/russell-brand-talks-about-drug-addiction-new-documentary/1-a-478342?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Arussell-brand-talks-about-drug-addiction-new-documentary-478342

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NASA braces for rover's plunge to Mars

PASADENA, Calif. (AP) ? The countdown to Mars is on.

Curiosity is on course to hit the top of the Martian atmosphere Sunday night for what NASA hopes would be a soft landing.

NASA is bracing for the "seven minutes of terror" plunge. Before Curiosity dives through, mission controllers will pass out "lucky peanuts" as they have done for past missions.

Touchdown was set for 10:31 p.m. PDT.

Since there could be spotty communication during the descent to the surface, confirmation could be immediate or it could take hours or even days to know the outcome.

Curiosity is on a mission to study Mars' environment to determine whether conditions could have supported microbial life.

The $2.5 billion project is the most sophisticated and expensive yet to Mars.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/nasa-braces-7-minutes-terror-mars-plunge-153001295.html

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Beginner's Guide to Computer Forensics | Internet Contents

Introduction

Computer forensics is the practice of collecting, analysing and reporting on digital information in a way that is legally admissible. It can be used in the detection and prevention of crime and in any dispute where evidence is stored digitally. Computer forensics has comparable examination stages to other forensic disciplines and faces similar issues.

About this guide

This guide discusses computer forensics from a neutral perspective. It is not linked to particular legislation or intended to promote a particular company or product and is not written in bias of either law enforcement or commercial computer forensics. It is aimed at a non-technical audience and provides a high-level view of computer forensics. This guide uses the term ?computer?, but the concepts apply to any device capable of storing digital information. Where methodologies have been mentioned they are provided as examples only and do not constitute recommendations or advice. Copying and publishing the whole or part of this article is licensed solely under the terms of the Creative Commons ? Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 license

Uses of computer forensics

There are few areas of crime or dispute where computer forensics cannot be applied. Law enforcement agencies have been among the earliest and heaviest users of computer forensics and consequently have often been at the forefront of developments in the field. Computers may constitute a ?scene of a crime?, for example with hacking [ 1] or denial of service attacks [2] or they may hold evidence in the form of emails, internet history, documents or other files relevant to crimes such as murder, kidnap, fraud and drug trafficking. It is not just the content of emails, documents and other files which may be of interest to investigators but also the ?meta-data? [3] associated with those files. A computer forensic examination may reveal when a document first appeared on a computer, when it was last edited, when it was last saved or printed and which user carried out these actions.

More recently, commercial organisations have used computer forensics to their benefit in a variety of cases such as;

Intellectual Property theft

Industrial espionage

Employment disputes

Fraud investigations

Forgeries

Matrimonial issues

Bankruptcy investigations

Inappropriate email and internet use in the work place

Regulatory compliance

Guidelines

For evidence to be admissible it must be reliable and not prejudicial, meaning that at all stages of this process admissibility should be at the forefront of a computer forensic examiner?s mind. One set of guidelines which has been widely accepted to assist in this is the Association of Chief Police Officers Good Practice Guide for Computer Based Electronic Evidence or ACPO Guide for short. Although the ACPO Guide is aimed at United Kingdom law enforcement its main principles are applicable to all computer forensics in whatever legislature. The four main principles from this guide have been reproduced below (with references to law enforcement removed):

No action should change data held on a computer or storage media which may be subsequently relied upon in court.

In circumstances where a person finds it necessary to access original data held on a computer or storage media, that person must be competent to do so and be able to give evidence explaining the relevance and the implications of their actions.

An audit trail or other record of all processes applied to computer-based electronic evidence should be created and preserved. An independent third-party should be able to examine those processes and achieve the same result.

The person in charge of the investigation has overall responsibility for ensuring that the law and these principles are adhered to.

In summary, no changes should be made to the original, however if access/changes are necessary the examiner must know what they are doing and to record their actions.

Live acquisition

Principle 2 above may raise the question: In what situation would changes to a suspect?s computer by a computer forensic examiner be necessary? Traditionally, the computer forensic examiner would make a copy (or acquire) information from a device which is turned off. A write-blocker[4] would be used to make an exact bit for bit copy [5] of the original storage medium. The examiner would work then from this copy, leaving the original demonstrably unchanged.

However, sometimes it is not possible or desirable to switch a computer off. It may not be possible to switch a computer off if doing so would result in considerable financial or other loss for the owner. It may not be desirable to switch a computer off if doing so would mean that potentially valuable evidence may be lost. In both these circumstances the computer forensic examiner would need to carry out a ?live acquisition? which would involve running a small program on the suspect computer in order to copy (or acquire) the data to the examiner?s hard drive.

By running such a program and attaching a destination drive to the suspect computer, the examiner will make changes and/or additions to the state of the computer which were not present before his actions. Such actions would remain admissible as long as the examiner recorded their actions, was aware of their impact and was able to explain their actions.

Stages of an examination

For the purposes of this article the computer forensic examination process has been divided into six stages. Although they are presented in their usual chronological order, it is necessary during an examination to be flexible. For example, during the analysis stage the examiner may find a new lead which would warrant further computers being examined and would mean a return to the evaluation stage.

Readiness

Forensic readiness is an important and occasionally overlooked stage in the examination process. In commercial computer forensics it can include educating clients about system preparedness; for example, forensic examinations will provide stronger evidence if a server or computer?s built-in auditing and logging systems are all switched on. For examiners there are many areas where prior organisation can help, including training, regular testing and verification of software and equipment, familiarity with legislation, dealing with unexpected issues (e.g., what to do if child pornography is present during a commercial job) and ensuring that your on-site acquisition kit is complete and in working order.

Evaluation

The evaluation stage includes the receiving of clear instructions, risk analysis and allocation of roles and resources. Risk analysis for law enforcement may include an assessment on the likelihood of physical threat on entering a suspect?s property and how best to deal with it. Commercial organisations also need to be aware of health and safety issues, while their evaluation would also cover reputational and financial risks on accepting a particular project.

Collection

The main part of the collection stage, acquisition, has been introduced above. If acquisition is to be carried out on-site rather than in a computer forensic laboratory then this stage would include identifying, securing and documenting the scene. Interviews or meetings with personnel who may hold information which could be relevant to the examination (which could include the end users of the computer, and the manager and person responsible for providing computer services) would usually be carried out at this stage. The ?bagging and tagging? audit trail would start here by sealing any materials in unique tamper-evident bags. Consideration also needs to be given to securely and safely transporting the material to the examiner?s laboratory.

Analysis

Analysis depends on the specifics of each job. The examiner usually provides feedback to the client during analysis and from this dialogue the analysis may take a different path or be narrowed to specific areas. Analysis must be accurate, thorough, impartial, recorded, repeatable and completed within the time-scales available and resources allocated. There are myriad tools available for computer forensics analysis. It is our opinion that the examiner should use any tool they feel comfortable with as long as they can justify their choice. The main requirements of a computer forensic tool is that it does what it is meant to do and the only way for examiners to be sure of this is for them to regularly test and calibrate the tools they use before analysis takes place. Dual-tool verification can confirm result integrity during analysis (if with tool ?A? the examiner finds artefact ?X? at location ?Y?, then tool ?B? should replicate these results.)

Presentation

This stage usually involves the examiner producing a structured report on their findings, addressing the points in the initial instructions along with any subsequent instructions. It would also cover any other information which the examiner deems relevant to the investigation. The report must be written with the end reader in mind; in many cases the reader of the report will be non-technical, so the terminology should acknowledge this. The examiner should also be prepared to participate in meetings or telephone conferences to discuss and elaborate on the report.

Review

Along with the readiness stage, the review stage is often overlooked or disregarded. This may be due to the perceived costs of doing work that is not billable, or the need ?to get on with the next job?. However, a review stage incorporated into each examination can help save money and raise the level of quality by making future examinations more efficient and time effective. A review of an examination can be simple, quick and can begin during any of the above stages. It may include a basic ?what went wrong and how can this be improved? and a ?what went well and how can it be incorporated into future examinations?. Feedback from the instructing party should also be sought. Any lessons learnt from this stage should be applied to the next examination and fed into the readiness stage.

Issues facing computer forensics

The issues facing computer forensics examiners can be broken down into three broad categories: technical, legal and administrative.

Encryption ? Encrypted files or hard drives can be impossible for investigators to view without the correct key or password. Examiners should consider that the key or password may be stored elsewhere on the computer or on another computer which the suspect has had access to. It could also reside in the volatile memory of a computer (known as RAM [6] which is usually lost on computer shut-down; another reason to consider using live acquisition techniques as outlined above.

Increasing storage space ? Storage media holds ever greater amounts of data which for the examiner means that their analysis computers need to have sufficient processing power and available storage to efficiently deal with searching and analysing enormous amounts of data.

New technologies ? Computing is an ever-changing area, with new hardware, software and operating systems being constantly produced. No single computer forensic examiner can be an expert on all areas, though they may frequently be expected to analyse something which they haven?t dealt with before. In order to deal with this situation, the examiner should be prepared and able to test and experiment with the behaviour of new technologies. Networking and sharing knowledge with other computer forensic examiners is also very useful in this respect as it?s likely someone else may have already encountered the same issue.

Anti-forensics ? Anti-forensics is the practice of attempting to thwart computer forensic analysis. This may include encryption, the over-writing of data to make it unrecoverable, the modification of files? meta-data and file obfuscation (disguising files). As with encryption above, the evidence that such methods have been used may be stored elsewhere on the computer or on another computer which the suspect has had access to. In our experience, it is very rare to see anti-forensics tools used correctly and frequently enough to totally obscure either their presence or the presence of the evidence they were used to hide.

Legal issues

Legal arguments may confuse or distract from a computer examiner?s findings. An example here would be the ?Trojan Defence?. A Trojan is a piece of computer code disguised as something benign but which has a hidden and malicious purpose. Trojans have many uses, and include key-logging [7], uploading and downloading of files and installation of viruses. A lawyer may be able to argue that actions on a computer were not carried out by a user but were automated by a Trojan without the user?s knowledge; such a Trojan Defence has been successfully used even when no trace of a Trojan or other malicious code was found on the suspect?s computer. In such cases, a competent opposing lawyer, supplied with evidence from a competent computer forensic analyst, should be able to dismiss such an argument.

Accepted standards ? There are a plethora of standards and guidelines in computer forensics, few of which appear to be universally accepted. This is due to a number of reasons including standard-setting bodies being tied to particular legislations, standards being aimed either at law enforcement or commercial forensics but not at both, the authors of such standards not being accepted by their peers, or high joining fees dissuading practitioners from participating.

Fitness to practice ? In many jurisdictions there is no qualifying body to check the competence and integrity of computer forensics professionals. In such cases anyone may present themselves as a computer forensic expert, which may result in computer forensic examinations of questionable quality and a negative view of the profession as a whole.

Resources and further reading

There does not appear to be a great amount of material covering computer forensics which is aimed at a non-technical readership. However the following links at links at the bottom of this page may prove to be of interest prove to be of interest:

Glossary

1. Hacking: modifying a computer in way which was not originally intended in order to benefit the hacker?s goals.

2. Denial of Service attack: an attempt to prevent legitimate users of a computer system from having access to that system?s information or services.

3. Meta-data: at a basic level meta-data is data about data. It can be embedded within files or stored externally in a separate file and may contain information about the file?s author, format, creation date and so on.

4. Write blocker: a hardware device or software application which prevents any data from being modified or added to the storage medium being examined.

5. Bit copy: bit is a contraction of the term ?binary digit? and is the fundamental unit of computing. A bit copy refers to a sequential copy of every bit on a storage medium, which includes areas of the medium ?invisible? to the user.

6. RAM: Random Access Memory. RAM is a computer?s temporary workspace and is volatile, which means its contents are lost when the computer is powered off.

7. Key-logging: the recording of keyboard input giving the ability to read a user?s typed passwords, emails and other confidential information.

Beginner's Guide to Computer Forensics

Jonathan Krause has over eleven years? experience in IT security and seven years? experience in commercial and law enforcement digital forensics, having worked for the Metropolitan Police at the Hi-Tech Crime Unit at New Scotland Yard as a computer forensic analyst and latterly as a independent consultant who has conducted a very wide range of investigations on behalf of commercial organisations involving fraud, deception, IP theft, murder, drug trafficking and child protection cases. Jonathan set up http://forensiccontrol.com/ in 2008.

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Source: http://www.econtentz.com/contents/computers-and-technology/computer-forensics/beginners-guide-to-computer-forensics/

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Living Without Lies Might Make You Healthier

SATURDAY, Aug. 4 (HealthDay News) -- For good health, be sure to eat fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and lie as seldom as possible.

A Notre Dame researcher is hoping this tongue-in-cheek advice will someday take hold, based on results of a "science of honesty" study she completed that showed tangible mental and physical health benefits among those who significantly reduced their everyday lies.

Half of 110 participants were told to stop telling major or minor ("white") lies for 10 weeks, while the other half (the "control" group) was given no special instructions about lying. When those in the no-lie group told three fewer white lies than in other weeks, they complained less of headaches, sore throats, tenseness, anxiety and other problems than those in the control group.

"The link was that clear," said study author Anita Kelly, a professor of psychology, who is scheduled to present the research Saturday at the American Psychological Association's annual meeting in Orlando, Fla. "Not lying was clearly associated with better health for those individuals . . I think it's a compelling way to look at it."

Prior research indicates that Americans average 11 lies per week, from the little white lies to save face or falsely compliment others to whoppers about integrity, fidelity or other serious matters. Kelly said her study differs from most of the scientific literature because it didn't focus on how to detect a liar, but on the potential health ramifications of doing the naughty deed.

In addition to experiencing three or four fewer mental health and physical issues in a given week that coincided with less lying -- compared to one or two fewer among control group members who also happened to lie less -- participants reported that their close personal relationships had improved and their social interactions had gone more smoothly.

The 110 people ranged from ages 18 to 71 and hailed from both genders, several ethnicities and all income levels. All came to a laboratory each week to complete health and relationship questionnaires and to take a polygraph test assessing the number of major and minor lies they had told that week.

"I think lying can cause a lot of stress for people, contributing to anxiety and even depression," said Dr. Bryan Bruno, acting chairman of the department of psychiatry at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "Lying less is not only good for your relationships, but for yourself as an individual. People might recognize the more devastating impact lying can have on relationships, but probably don't recognize the extent to which it can cause a lot of internal stress."

At the end of the 10-week study, some participants had devised clever ways to avoid lying. Kelly noted that some realized they could simply tell the truth about their daily accomplishments rather than exaggerate, while others responded to a troubling question with another question to distract the person. They also stopped making false excuses for running late or failing to finish tasks.

"I think white lies are trouble, not just major lies," she said. "The goal doesn't have to be the absolute absence of lies . . . the goal would be a reduction in lies. What people can do is to commit themselves to lying less."

Research presented at scientific meetings should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.

More information

The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry offers tips on children and lying.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/living-without-lies-might-healthier-160404008.html

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How Can You Sleep At Night? Ed Frey Sleep Crime Vigil/Protest ...


START DATE: Tuesday August 07
TIME: 6:00 PM ? 9:00 AM
Location Details:
Santa Cruz County Courthouse Steps, Water Street side of building. AKA Occu-Dome Plaza
Please join homeless advocates and community members as we support the courage of Ed Frey and the activists of Peace Camp 2010 in their protest of unjust laws criminalizing sleep and the act of protest itself. Ed is scheduled to report to jail at 9AM, August 8 (see previous articles)

Bring signs or sign making materials, food or drink (COFFEE) to share, flashlights, games, books, music, creative displays, loud noisemakers, whatever you feel is necessary to pass the time and bring awareness to the issues Ed?s arrest exposed. Come and stay for as long as you like, or plan to stay up all night with us. And bring your friends!

?

Source: http://occupysantacruz.org/2012/08/04/how-can-you-sleep-at-night-ed-frey-sleep-crime-vigilprotest/

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Birds that live with varying weather sing more versatile songs

Saturday, August 4, 2012

A new study of North American songbirds reveals that birds that live with fluctuating weather are more flexible singers.

Mixing it up helps birds ensure that their songs are heard no matter what the habitat, say researchers at Australian National University and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center.

To test the idea, the researchers analyzed song recordings from more than 400 male birds spanning 44 species of North American songbirds ? a data set that included orioles, blackbirds, warblers, sparrows, cardinals, finches, chickadees and thrushes.

They used computer software to convert each sound recording ? a medley of whistles, warbles, cheeps, chirps, trills and twitters ? into a spectrogram, or sound graph. Like a musical score, the complex pattern of lines and streaks in a spectrogram enable scientists to see and visually analyze each snippet of sound.

For each bird in their data set, they measured song characteristics such as length, highest and lowest notes, number of notes, and the spacing between them.

When they combined this data with temperature and precipitation records and other information such as habitat and latitude, they found a surprising pattern ? males that experience more dramatic seasonal swings between wet and dry sing more variable songs.

"They may sing certain notes really low, or really high, or they may adjust the loudness or tempo," said co-author Clinton Francis of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center.

The Pyrrhuloxia or desert cardinal from the American southwest and northern Mexico and Lawrence's goldfinch from California are two examples.

In addition to variation in weather across the seasons, the researchers also looked at geographic variation and found a similar pattern. Namely, species that experience more extreme differences in precipitation from one location to the next across their range sing more complex tunes. House finches and plumbeous vireos are two examples, Francis said.

Why might this be?

"Precipitation is closely related to how densely vegetated the habitat is," said co-author Iliana Medina of Australian National University. Changing vegetation means changing acoustic conditions.

"Sound transmits differently through different vegetation types," Francis explained. "Often when birds arrive at their breeding grounds in the spring, for example, there are hardly any leaves on the trees. Over the course of just a couple of weeks, the sound transmission changes drastically as the leaves come in."

"Birds that have more flexibility in their songs may be better able to cope with the different acoustic environments they experience throughout the year," Medina added.

A separate team reported similar links between environment and birdsong in mockingbirds in 2009, but this is the first study to show that the pattern holds up across dozens of species.

Interestingly, Francis and Medina found that species with striking color differences between males and females also sing more variable songs, which means that environmental variation isn't the only factor, the researchers say.

###

Medina, I. and C. Francis (2012). "Environmental variability and acoustic signals: a multilevel approach in songbirds." Biology Letters. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0522

National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent): http://www.nescent.org

Thanks to National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/122339/Birds_that_live_with_varying_weather_sing_more_versatile_songs

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Health Wellness and Fitness Coach: The Connection between ...

Arthritis is ?a inflammatory conditions where the immune system attacks its own tissues by sending inflammatory cytokines that destroy connective tissue, ligaments, and sonovial fluids restricting movement and causing pain.

As ASEA (redox signaling molecules) helps to balance the immune system and reduces oxidation and cell stress.
Redox signaling molecules are?eliminating?your body of free radical by stimulating your natural antioxidants.
Redox Signaling Molecule detect, protect, repair and replace those damaged cells to prevent?inflammation,?this is the perfect way of making the body strong to fight this weakening condition.

Information on ASEA (Redox Signaling Molecules) Click Here!

Or search ASEA on my blog and get double blind studies and scientific studies.

Source: http://www.lucille-brasher.com/2012/08/the-connection-between-arthritis-and.html

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